If you’ve noticed your cat bumping into furniture, hesitating in dim lighting, or showing signs of disorientation at night, it might not just be clumsiness—it could be a sign of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). This inherited condition gradually leads to blindness in cats and can affect even young or seemingly healthy kitties.
Let’s break down what PRA is, which breeds are more susceptible, and how you can support a cat diagnosed with vision loss.
What Is Progressive Retinal Atrophy?
Progressive retinal atrophy is a degenerative eye disease that causes the light-sensitive cells in the retina—called photoreceptors—to deteriorate over time. These cells are responsible for capturing visual information and sending it to the brain. As they die off, your cat’s vision gradually fades.
There are two main types:
- Early-onset PRA (retinal dysplasia): appears in kittens as young as a few weeks.
- Late-onset PRA: develops in adults, usually between 1–8 years depending on breed.
Regardless of type, both forms are genetic and lead to irreversible blindness.
Is PRA Common in Cats?
PRA is rare in most cats but occurs more frequently in certain breeds due to inherited mutations. It’s an autosomal recessive condition—both parents must carry the gene for it to appear in offspring.
Breeds at Higher Risk
Breeds at higher risk include:
- Abyssinian
- Somali
- Siamese
- Bengal
- Persian
- Ocicat
Some lines of Maine Coon, Oriental, and Singapura cats may also carry PRA mutations.
Genetic testing is now available and recommended for breeds at risk.
Signs Your Cat Might Have PRA
PRA is painless, so many cats adapt quietly. It may go unnoticed until vision is significantly impaired.
Watch for these signs:
- Dilated pupils in bright light
- Cloudy or glassy-looking eyes
- Hesitation in dark rooms (night blindness)
- Disorientation or bumping into furniture
- Sudden clinginess or anxiety
Often, the first clue is difficulty seeing in dim light before full blindness develops.
Diagnosing PRA in Cats
If vision loss is suspected, your vet may refer you to a veterinary ophthalmologist for diagnosis using:
- Fundoscopy (looking at the retina)
- Electroretinography (ERG) to test retinal function
- Genetic testing (especially for at-risk breeds)
This helps rule out other conditions like cataracts or retinal detachment.
Can Progressive Retinal Atrophy Be Treated?
Sadly, there is no cure for PRA. Once the retina is damaged, it cannot regenerate. However, the condition is not painful and affected cats can live long, fulfilling lives with proper care.
There is ongoing research into antioxidants and gene therapy, but current treatment is focused on support and environmental adaptation.
Living With a Blind Cat
Cats adjust remarkably well to blindness by relying on their other senses. You can help your cat by:
- Keeping furniture in the same place
- Using rugs to mark locations like food or litter
- Removing floor clutter or obstacles
- Using scent cues or gentle voice commands
- Providing soft lighting in dark areas
Consider placing small bells on yourself or other pets so your blind cat knows where you are.
Preventing PRA in Breeds at Risk
If you’re getting a kitten from a high-risk breed, ask breeders for PRA genetic test results for both parents. Responsible breeding practices can reduce incidence.
If adopting, be proactive with wellness checks and report any signs of vision loss to your vet early.
Final Thoughts
PRA may sound daunting, but it’s manageable with love and a few lifestyle tweaks. Blind cats often form deep bonds with their humans and live happy, active lives. By staying informed and supportive, you can help your cat thrive—even without sight.
PRA in Cats FAQs
Can cats go completely blind from PRA?
Yes. PRA causes a gradual loss of retinal cells, eventually resulting in total blindness.
Is PRA painful for cats?
No. It’s a painless condition, which is why cats often adapt quietly as their vision fades.
How can I test my cat for PRA?
Genetic tests are available for many breeds. Vets may also recommend an ERG or retinal exam to confirm PRA.
What age does PRA usually show up?
It depends on the form. Early-onset PRA can appear in kittens, while late-onset shows up between 1–8 years of age.
Can PRA be prevented?
It can’t be prevented in an affected cat, but responsible breeding with genetic screening can prevent it in future litters.
