Inherited disorders in cats are genetic problems passed from one generation to the next. Certain cat breeds are more prone to these issues because of their smaller gene pools, and some conditions can have serious effects on health and lifespan. Knowing which disorders exist—and whether your cat’s breed is at risk—can help you make informed decisions as a pet owner.
Why Do Genetic Problems Occur?
Inherited disorders result from faults in a cat’s genes—sections of DNA inside cells that hold the “instructions” for development, body structure, and body functions. These disorders are more common in pedigreed cats, where the gene pool may be limited. Breeding closely related animals increases the risk of faulty genes being passed on.
In many cases, genetic screening tests are now available to identify carriers before breeding. Responsible breeding practices are one of the best ways to reduce inherited problems.
Breed-Specific Problems
Because purebred populations are small, faulty genes can spread more easily than in mixed-breed cats. For example, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is linked to a single faulty gene in Maine Coon cats and is also seen in Ragdolls. Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is another inherited condition that leads to blindness in breeds such as the Abyssinian and Siamese.
Some conditions may appear at birth, while others develop later in life. Cats can also be carriers—never showing symptoms themselves, but passing the disorder on if bred with another carrier. Many suspected inherited conditions are still being researched, but the following have been confirmed as genetic disorders in cats.
What Can Owners Do?
Responsible breeders should avoid breeding cats with known genetic disorders or those that test positive as carriers. If your cat has or develops an inherited condition, learn as much as you can about it. While most genetic disorders can’t be cured, many can be managed with proper veterinary care, allowing affected cats to live fulfilling lives.
Examples of Inherited Disorders in Cats
The table below lists confirmed genetic conditions, whether tests are available, how they are managed, and which breeds are commonly affected. Click linked conditions to learn more.
| Disease | Description | Can it be screened for? | Managing the disease | Breeds of cat affected |
| Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) | Degeneration of the retina’s rods and cones, leading to early blindness. | Yes. Genetic tests are available for some forms. | No cure. Cats adapt well but should be kept safe indoors. | Abyssinian, Somali, Persian, Exotic, Siamese, Balinese |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) | Thickening of the heart muscle, often leading to heart failure. | Yes. A genetic test is available. | Medications may reduce strain on the heart. | Maine Coon, Ragdoll |
| Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) | Progressive muscle weakness, starting in the hind limbs of kittens. | Yes. A genetic test is available. | No cure, but supportive care may allow good quality of life. | Maine Coon |
| Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | Cysts develop in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure. | Yes. A genetic test is available. | No cure. Supportive treatment may help extend lifespan. | Persian, Exotic, British Shorthair |
| Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PK Deficiency) | Affects red blood cells, leading to anemia and reduced lifespan. | Yes. A genetic test is available. | Supportive care; sometimes blood transfusions. | Abyssinian, Somali |
| Glycogen storage disease (GSD IV) | Impaired glucose metabolism causing weakness and heart failure. | Yes. A genetic test is available. | No effective treatment; supportive care only. | Norwegian Forest Cat |
| Lysosomal storage disease | Enzyme deficiencies affecting multiple body systems. | Yes. Some forms can be tested. | No effective treatment; poor prognosis. | Persian, Siamese, Oriental, Balinese, Burmese, Korat |
| Osteochondrodysplasia | Painful joint disorder with fusion of tail/ankle/knee bones. | No. Prevent by crossing Fold with straight-eared cats only. | Palliative treatment may ease pain and swelling. | Scottish Fold |
| Hip dysplasia | Abnormal hip joint development leading to arthritis and mobility issues. | Yes. X-rays confirm; genetic predisposition suspected. | Weight control, joint supplements; surgery for severe cases. | Maine Coon, Persian, Himalayan |
| Congenital hypotrichosis | Kittens born with little/no hair; high infection risk. | No test currently available. | Keep indoors, warm, and away from infection risks. | Birman (rare) |
| Devon Rex myopathy | Muscle weakness, abnormal gait, difficulty swallowing. | No. Signs appear by 3–4 weeks old. | No cure. Small liquid meals may reduce choking risk. | Devon Rex |
| Hypokalaemic polymyopathy | Muscle weakness linked to kidney issues; stiff gait and tremors. | Yes. A genetic test is available (Burmese). | Managed with oral potassium supplements. | Burmese, Asian breeds |
| Primary seborrhea | Flaky or greasy skin and hair. | No specific screening test. | Medicated shampoos may help. | Persian, Exotic |
| Bleeding disorders | Excessive bleeding after injury or trauma. | Yes. Tests exist for some types. | Seek veterinary care immediately after injury. | Birman, British Shorthair, Devon Rex |
Tip: On mobile devices, swipe left or right to see the full table.
Final Thoughts
Inherited disorders in cats can be intimidating, but knowledge is power. With genetic testing, responsible breeding, and proactive vet care, many conditions can be managed. If you share your life with a breed known for genetic issues, staying informed will help you give your cat the best possible care and quality of life.
